Tier 3: SPICE Circuit Electronics

Tier 3 provides industry-standard SPICE electronic circuit simulation powered by high-performance Modified Nodal Analysis (MNA).

Solvers & Models

• BSIM4 Unified Overdrive Model: Industry-accurate MOSFET drain current, channel length modulation, and sub-threshold conduction.
• Ward-Dutton Charge Conservation: Physically consistent intrinsic terminal charge modeling avoiding false charge accumulation.
• Gummel-Poon Bipolar Transistor (BJT): High-injection effects, base push-out, and thermal voltage tracking.
• Newton-Raphson Non-Linear MNA: Damped multi-dimensional Newton iteration with adaptive time-stepping (LTE truncation error control).